Evolutionary Demography Group

Members

Keywords: Aging - Behavioural Ecology - Climate Change - Conservation Biology - Comparative analyses - Demography - Eco-Evolutionary dynamics - Ecotoxicology - Ecophysiology - Epidemiology – Integrative Biology - Life History Traits - Movement Ecology - Parasitism - Population Dynamics - Wildlife Management

Overview: Our research aims to understand how ecology and evolution shape both the demography and the health of vertebrate populations in the wild, and in turn, how the demographic processes are determining the strength of trait selection. To reach these objectives, we are bridging conceptual and methodological advances from population ecology, evolution, demography, epidemiology and statistics. As our study models are vertebrate species with high societal value, our research projects are often led in collaboration with the Office Français de la Biodiversité (OFB) and have an explicit applied component to improve the exploitation or the conservation of the targeted species.

Research axes:

  • Quantifying the amount and the shape of individual heterogeneity in vertebrate populations in the wild, as well as its role in demographic and eco-evolutionary processes (with a special focus on mammals)
  • Identifying and assessing the relative influence of the environmental (i.e. weather conditions, population density, habitat quality, predation, diseases, interspecific competition and anthropic pressure), evolutionary (e.g. phylogenetic inertia, lifestyle, size, and life history strategy), and individual (e.g. age, sex, or size) attributes that shape the diversity of individual trajectories, within and among populations of vertebrates
  • Identifying population responses to global change, from phenotypic traits to demographic outputs such as population growth, age-structure and generation time
  • Quantifying the magnitude of the sex-differences in trait-specific trajectories (with a special focus on the senescence process) and identifying the eco-evolutionary roots of these differences
  • Identifying the genetic and physiological markers of aging for mammalian populations in the wild
  • Exploring the evolutionary causes and consequences of actuarial and reproductive aging in the wild
  • Assessing the health, demographic, and evolutionary implications of physiological stress at the individual level and quantifying their impact on population dynamics
  • Determining the physiological and demographic implications of toxic pollutants for mammals in the wild
  • Measuring health, behavioral, and demographic consequences of parasitism exposure
  • Providing tools for the development of reliable predictions for population forecast of mammals with a high societal value


Biological models: Our research mostly relies on the long-term monitoring of mammalian populations in the wild. Thanks to a long-term collaboration with the OFB, we are collecting individual longitudinal data on a wide array of traits for more than 40 years for roe deer (Chizé and Trois-Fontaines study areas, France). Other ongoing long-term programs are focused on the Alpine marmot (Réserve de la Grande Sassière, France), Mouflon (Caroux-Espinouse massif, France), Wild boar (Châteauvillain, France), and Giraffe (Hwange, Zimbabwe).

Publications

Display of 691 to 717 publications on 717 in total

Effects of hurricane lothar on the population dynamics of european roe deer

Jean-Michel Gaillard, Patrick Duncan, Daniel Delorme, Guy van Laere, Nathalie Pettorelli, Daniel Maillard...

Journal of Wildlife Management . 67 ( 4 ) : 767-773

Journal article

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Spatial variation in springtime food resources influences the winter body mass of roe deer fawns

Nathalie Pettorelli, Stéphane Dray, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Daniel Chessel, Patrick Duncan, Andrew W. Illius...

Oecologia . 137 : 363-369

DOI: 10.1007/s00442-003-1364-7

Journal article

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Sex-ratio variation and reproductive costs in relation to density in a forest dwelling population of red deer (Cervus elaphus).

C. Bonenfant, J.-M. Gaillard, A. Loison, F. Klein

Behavioral Ecology . 14 : 862-869

Journal article

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Sex- and age-dependent effects of population density on life history traits of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a temperate forest.

C. Bonenfant, J.-M. Gaillard, F. Klein, A. Loison

Ecography . 25 : 446-458

Journal article

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Effects of annual rainfall and habitat types on the body mass of impala (Aepyceros melampus) in the Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe

Mathieu Bourgarel, Hervé Fritz, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Michel de Garine-Wichatitsky, F. Maudet

African Journal of Ecology . 40 : 186-193

Journal article

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Variations in adult body mass in roe deer: the effects of population density at birth and of habitat quality

Nathalie Pettorelli, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Guy van Laere, Patrick Duncan, Petter Kjellander, Olof Liberg...

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . 269 : 747-753

DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1791

Journal article

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Serosurvey for Newcastle disease and avian influenza A virus antibodies in great cormorants from France.

Marc Artois, R. Manvell, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, J.B. Schweyer

Journal of wildlife diseases . -- : 169-171

Journal article

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Chlamydiose et fièvre Q chez les ongulés de montagne : questions sur le seuil de positivité

Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Dominique Gauthier, Philippe Gibert, Jean Hars, Michel Catusse

Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses . : 311-312

DOI: 10.1016/S0399-077X(01)80080-9

Journal article

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Population density and small-scale variation in habitat quality affect phenotypic quality in roe deer

Nathalie Pettorelli, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Patrick Duncan, Jean-Pierre Ouellet, Guy van Laere

Oecologia . 128 ( 3 ) : 400-405

DOI: 10.1007/s004420100682

Journal article

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The browsing index: new tool uses browsing pressure to monitor deer populations

Nicolas Morellet, Stéphane Champely, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Philippe Ballon, Yves Boscardin

Wildlife Society Bulletin . 29 ( 4 ) : 1243-1252

Journal article

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A capture technique for wintering and migrating steppe eagles in southwestern Saudi Arabia.

S. Ostrowski, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, B.U. Meyburg

Wildlife Society Bulletin . 29 : 265-268

Journal article

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Parasite richness and abundance in insular and mainland feral cats: insularity or density?

Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, L. Morvilliers, Marc Artois, D. Pontier

Parasitology . 123 : 143-151

Journal article

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Growth of European roe deer: patterns and rates.

Christine Portier, Patrick Duncan, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Noël Guillon, Antoine J. Sempéré

Acta Theriologica . 45 ( 1 ) : 87-94

Journal article

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Factors affecting maternal care in an income breeder, the European roe deer

Reidar Andersen, Jean - Michel Gaillard, John D.C. Linnell, Patrick Duncan

Journal of Animal Ecology . 69 ( 4 ) : 672-682

Journal article

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Nematode infestation and body condition in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Anne Segonds-Pichon, Hubert Ferté, Jean-Michel Gaillard, François Lamarque, Patrick Duncan

Game and Wildlife Science . 17 ( 4 ) : 241-258

Journal article

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Echantillonnage en faune sauvage: quelques questions sur la taille d`échantillon.

Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, S. Rossi

Epidémiologie et Santé Animale . 37 : 11-19

Journal article

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Prevalence and pathogenicity of retroviruses in wilcats in France

Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, A. Sager, F. Léger, F. Bourguemestre, E. Jouquelet, P. Stahl...

Veterinary Records . 146 : 317-319

Journal article

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Dynamics of a feline retrovirus (FeLV) in host populations with variable spatial structure

Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, D. Pontier, M. Langlais

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . 265 : 1097-1104

Journal article

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Epidemiology of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and structure of domestic cat populations

Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Marc Artois, D. Pontier

Journal of Wildlife Management . 62 : 978-988

Journal article

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Retroviruses and sexual size dimorphism in domestic cats (Felis catus L.)

D. Pontier, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, F. Courchamp, Marc Artois, N.G. Yoccoz

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . 265 : 167-173

Journal article

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Analyse comparative de la transmission de cinq virus dans des populations de chats domestiques (Felis catus L.)

Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont

incollection . -- : 1143-1148

Journal article

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Modelling the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in natural populations of cats (Felis catus)

Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Marc Artois, M. Langlais, F. Courchamp, D. Pontier

Theoretical Population Biology . 52 : 60-70

Journal article

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Infection strategies of retroviruses and social grouping of domestic cats

Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, F. Courchamp, Marc Artois, D. Pontier

Canadian Journal of Zoology . 75 : 1994-2002

Journal article

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Variation in growth form and precocity at birth in eutherian mammals

J. M. Gaillard, D. Pontier, D. Allaine, A. Loison, J. C. Herve, A. Heizmann

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . 264 ( 1383 ) : 859-868

DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1997.0120

Journal article

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Dynamics of two feline retroviruses (FIV and FeLV) within one population of cats

F. Courchamp, C. Suppo, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, C. Bouloux

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . 264 : 785-794

Journal article

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Dénombrer les populations de chevreuils par l'utilisation du Line transect. Etude de faisabilité

Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-Marie Boutin, Guy van Laere

Revue d'Écologie . 48 ( 1 ) : 73-85

Journal article

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Roe deer survival patterns: a comparative analysis of contrasting populations

Jean-Michel Gaillard, Daniel Delorme, Jean-Marie Boutin, Guy van Laere, Bernard Boisaubert, Roger Pradel

Journal of Animal Ecology . 62 ( 4 ) : 778-791

DOI: 10.2307/5396

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